Izifakelo zemibhobho kubuNjineli baseLwandle kunye noLwandle lwaseLwandle

Umsebenzi woFakelo lwemibhobho kwiNdawo yaseLwandle

Kubunjineli baselwandle naselwandle, izifakelo zemibhobho zenza ezi njongo zilandelayo:

Ulawulo lwezalathiso – ukusebenzisa iingqiniba kunye nokugoba kwiinkqubo zokuhambisa imibhobho ngendlela efanelekileyo kwiindawo ezivaliweyo.

Ukuhanjiswa kokuhamba -ukusebenzisa iiti, iminqamlezo, kunye nee-wyes ukwahlula okanye ukudibanisa ukuhamba kwamanzi.

Inguqu ye-diameter – usebenzisa i-reducers kunye ne-swages kwiisayizi ezahlukeneyo zemibhobho.

Uqhagamshelwano lwenkqubo – ngokudibanisa, iimanyano, iiflange, kunye neeadaptha.

Ukutywinwa kunye nokwahlula – usebenzisa iminqwazi, iiplagi, kunye neevalvu ukumisa okanye ukulawula ukuhamba.

Ukuthintela uxinzelelo - kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-forged okanye i-welded fittings ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvuzayo phantsi koxinzelelo olunzima.

Ezi zifakelo kufuneka zihambelane neenkqubo zemibhobho yokuphatha amanzi, umoya, i-oyile, amafutha, izithambiso, iikhemikhali, kunye neegesi ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokuntywila kunye nezokucima umlilo.

IiNdawo eziPhambili zokuSebenza

Ukwakhiwa kweenqanawa kunye neenqanawa zaseLwandle

Iinqanawa—kuquka iinqanawa ezithwala imithwalo, iinqanawa ezithwala imithwalo, iinqanawa zokuhamba ngenqanawa, neenqanawa zasemkhosini—zinemibhobho entsonkothileyo exhomekeke kwimibhobho ehlala ixesha elide neyongela indawo.

Iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo ezisebenzisa izifakelo zemibhobho ziquka:

Iinkqubo zokupholisa amanzi olwandle (yenjini kunye nokupholisa koomatshini)

Iinkqubo zamanzi zeBallast (isetyenziselwa ukuzinzisa inqanawa)

Iinkqubo zokuhambisa amafutha kunye neoli

Ukucima umlilo kunye nothungelwano lokutshiza

Umoya oxinzelelweyo kunye neenkqubo ze-bilge

Amanzi aselwayo kunye nemigca yokucoca inkunkuma

Ukufakelwa kwezi nkqubo zihlala zenziwe kwizinto ezixhathisa i-corrosion ezifana ne-copper-nickel, i-duplex stainless steel, okanye i-carbon steel coated, kuxhomekeke kwisicelo. Izithuba ezivaliweyo ezinqanaweni zifuna imilinganiso echanekileyo, efana neengqiniba zerediyasi ezimfutshane kunye neeflange ezixineneyo.

Amaqonga e-Oli kunye neGesi angaphesheya

Amaqonga e-Offshore ahlala kwiinkqubo ezininzi ezidityanisiweyo, kubandakanya ukomba, ukuvelisa, ukusetyenzwa, ukhuseleko kunye neendawo zokuhlala. Izixhobo zombhobho ezisetyenzisiweyo kufuneka zisebenze ngokuthembekileyo kwindawo enetyuwa eninzi, enomswakama ophezulu, kwaye kaninzi inoxinzelelo oluphezulu.

Izicelo eziphambili ziquka:

Imigca yokulawula i-hydraulic ukwenzela ukusebenza kwevalvu

Amanzi aveliswa kunye nemibhobho yeoli ekrwada

Ukuvutha kwegesi kunye neenkqubo zokukhupha umoya

Imigca yokutofa yoxinzelelo oluphezulu (amanzi, igesi, okanye imichiza)

Iinkqubo zamanzi omlilo ezibalulekileyo kukhuseleko kunye nokusabela okungxamisekileyo

Kwezi nkqubo, izifakelo zikholisa ukubunjwa okanye i-butt-welded kwaye zihlala zenziwe ngee-alloys ezikwaziyo ukubola. Imigangatho ye-NORSOK kunye ne-API isoloko ilandelwa kolu fakelo.

Imibhobho ye-Subsea kunye neziseko zophuhliso

Imibhobho engaphantsi kolwandle ithutha i-oyile, irhasi, kunye neekhemikhali ukusuka kumaqula akude nonxweme ukuya kwiindawo zokulungisa okanye zokugcina. Le mibhobho yondlalwe kumgangatho wolwandle, rhoqo kubunzulu obukhulu, isenza ukuqina kunye nokumelana noxinzelelo lwangaphandle kunye nomhlwa kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ufakelo lwemibhobho kusetyenziso lolwandle olungaphantsi kwamanzi kufuneka lube:

I-Welded okanye yenziwe ngengozi encinci yokuvuza

Yenzelwe imbuyekezo yoxinzelelo kunye nokumelana nokukhula kolwandle

Ixhotyiswe ngeengubo ezichasene ne-corrosion okanye ukukhusela i-cathodic

Ufakelo olukhethekileyo lwe-subsea lusetyenziswa kwi:

Ukunyuka kunye nokuhamba

Ii-Manifolds kunye ne-jumper spools

Iiyunithi zokuphelisa i-Umbilical

Amazibuko eehagu kunye nokuhlola

Izixhobo zihlala zibandakanya i-super duplex steel stainless, i-Inconel, okanye intsimbi yekhabhoni egqunyiweyo ukumelana noxinzelelo lomatshini kunye nokuvezwa kweekhemikhali.

Ukuqwalaselwa kwezinto eziphathekayo

ICorrosion yeyona nkxalabo iphambili kwizicelo zaselwandle naselwandle. Ke ngoko, ukukhetha izinto eziphathekayo zokufakelwa kwemibhobho kubalulekile:

Nickel yobhedu (CuNi): Ixhaphakile kwiinkqubo zamanzi olwandle ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwesa okugqwesileyo kunye nokumelana ne-biofouling.

I-Duplex kunye ne-Super Duplex Steel engagqwali: Inikeza amandla aphezulu kunye nokumelana nokubola, ilungele indawo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye ne-chloride-rich.

Intsimbi yeKhabhoni enezigqubuthelo: Inketho yezoqoqosho kwiindawo eziphantsi kwe-corrosion, ehlala ikhuselwe yi-epoxy, i-zinc coatings, okanye iinkqubo ze-cathodic.

I-Titanium okanye i-Inconel: Isetyenziswa kwezona meko zinzima kakhulu apho kufuneka i-corrosion, uxinzelelo, kunye nokumelana nobushushu.

Imigangatho kunye neziQinisekiso

Ufakelo lwemibhobho yobunjineli baselwandle nangaphandle konxweme kufuneka luhlangabezane nemigangatho yokuhlela uluntu kunye neekhowudi zamazwe ngamazwe, ezifana:

DNV (Det Norske Veritas)

I-ABS (i-American Bureau of Shipping)

Irejista kaLloyd

BV (Bureau Veritas)

ISO 15590, I-ASME B16.9, API 5L, API 6A

Ukulandeleka, izatifikethi zovavanyo lwemathiriyeli (MTCs), uvavanyo loxinzelelo, kunye ne-NDT (uvavanyo olungonakalisiyo) luhlala lunyanzelekile kwizicelo zaselwandle.

Imingeni kunye neNgqwalasela

Ukonakala kwamanzi etyuwa: Ukuchanabeka rhoqo kumanzi olwandle kukhokelela ekuwohlokeni kwesinyithi okukhawulezileyo.

Ukulinganiselwa kwendawo: Ufakelo lwaselwandle luhlala lufuna ukubumbana kunye noyilo olulungelelanisiweyo olufanelekileyo.

Ufikelelo kwisondlo: Ufakelo kufuneka lufikeleleke kwaye luhlala lubandakanya uqhagamshelo olunamaphiko ukwenzela ukuqhawula lula.

Uxinzelelo kunye nokungcangcazela: Amazinga aphezulu okuhamba kunye nezixhobo ezihambayo zifuna i-vibration-resistant kunye ne-fatigue-proof fittings.

Imizila Yekamva

Ngokukhula kophuhliso lwe-offshore olufana namaqonga e-LNG (FLNG) adadayo, imimandla yeoli yamanzi anzulu, kunye nofakelo lwamandla ahlaziyekayo (umoya oselunxwemeni kunye namaza), imfuno yokufakelwa kwemibhobho yokusebenza okuphezulu iyaqhubeka nokukhula. Izinto ezintsha ziquka:

Izixhobo ze-spool ezenziwe kwangaphambili yofakelo lwemodyuli

Izixhobo ezihlakaniphile ngezinzwa zokubona ukuvuza kunye nokujongwa koxinzelelo

Ukufakwa kombhobho odibeneyo enika ukuxhathisa umhlwa kunye nokunciphisa ubunzima

Kubunjineli baselwandle naselwandle, ukufakelwa kwemibhobho zizinto eziyimfuneko eziqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kothungelwano lwemibhobho entsonkothileyo. Ukusuka kwi-shipboard yokupholisa kunye ne-ballast systems ukuya kwi-oyile yokuthutha i-subsea kunye nokucinywa komlilo kwiiplatifti ze-offshore, ezi zixhobo kufuneka zisebenze ngokuthembekileyo phantsi kweemeko ezinzima. Ukhetho lwemathiriyeli, uyilo, kunye nemigangatho idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni ukusebenza kwabo kwexesha elide. Njengoko itekhnoloji ye-offshore iqhubela phambili kwaye ingena emanzini anzulu kunye neendawo ezikude ngakumbi, indima yomgangatho ophezulu, ukunyanzeliswa kwe-corrosion, kunye nokufakelwa kombhobho ochanekileyo kuya kubaluleka ngakumbi.