Ibikoresho byo mu miyoboro ya Marine na Offshore Engineering

Imikorere yimiyoboro ijyanye nibidukikije byo mu nyanja

Mu buhanga bwo mu nyanja no hanze, ibikoresho bya pipe bitanga intego zikurikira:

Kugenzura icyerekezo - ukoresheje inkokora kandi wunamye kuri sisitemu yo kuvoma inzira neza ahantu hafunzwe.

Gukwirakwiza - ukoresheje tees, umusaraba, na wyes kugirango ugabanye cyangwa uhuze amazi atemba.

Inzibacyuho - ukoresheje kugabanya na swage kubunini butandukanye.

Guhuza sisitemu - ukoresheje guhuza, ubumwe, flanges, hamwe na adapt.

Gufunga no kwigunga - ukoresheje imipira, amacomeka, na valve kugirango uhagarike cyangwa ugenzure imigendere.

Kwirinda igitutu - hamwe numuvuduko ukabije-wapimwe cyangwa welded fitingi kugirango wizere ko udakora kumeneka kumuvuduko ukabije.

Ibi bikoresho bigomba guhuzwa na sisitemu yo gukoresha imiyoboro ikoresha amazi, umwuka, amavuta, lisansi, amavuta, imiti, ndetse na gaze ikoreshwa muri sisitemu yo kwibira no kuzimya umuriro.

Ibice by'ingenzi byo gusaba

Ubwubatsi bw'amato hamwe n'ubwato bwo mu nyanja

Amato - arimo ubwato bw'imizigo, tanker, amato atwara abagenzi, hamwe n'ubwato bwa gisirikare - bikubiyemo sisitemu igoye yo gushingira ku bikoresho biramba kandi bikoresha umwanya.

Sisitemu isanzwe ikoresha imiyoboro irimo:

Sisitemu yo gukonjesha amazi yo mu nyanja (kuri moteri n'imashini gukonjesha)

Sisitemu y'amazi ya ballast (ikoreshwa mu guhagarika ubwato)

Sisitemu yo kohereza peteroli na peteroli

Imiyoboro yo kuzimya umuriro no kumena imiyoboro

Sisitemu yo guhumeka ikirere na bilge

Imiyoboro y'amazi n'imirongo yo gutunganya imyanda

Ibikoresho muri sisitemu akenshi bikozwe mubikoresho birwanya ruswa nka muringa-nikel, duplex ibyuma bitagira umuyonga, cyangwa ibyuma bya karubone bisize, bitewe nibisabwa. Umwanya ufungiwe kumato bisaba guhuza neza, nkinkokora ngufi ya radiyo na flanges.

Amashanyarazi ya peteroli na gazi

Ibibuga bya Offshore birimo sisitemu nyinshi zifitanye isano, harimo gucukura, gukora, gutunganya, umutekano, hamwe n’aho kuba. Ibikoresho by'imiyoboro ikoreshwa bigomba gukora neza muburyo bwumunyu mwinshi, ubuhehere bwinshi, kandi akenshi ni umuvuduko mwinshi.

Ibyingenzi byingenzi birimo:

Imirongo igenzura Hydraulic kubikorwa bya valve

Amazi yakozwe n'umuyoboro wa peteroli

Sisitemu ya gaz na sisitemu

Imirongo yo gutera inshinge nyinshi (amazi, gaze, cyangwa imiti)

Sisitemu yumuriro ingenzi kumutekano no gutabara byihutirwa

Muri ubu buryo, ibikoresho bisanzwe biba ari impimbano cyangwa gusudira kandi akenshi bikozwe mu mavuta adashobora kwangirika. Ibipimo bya NORSOK na API bikunze gukurikizwa muribi bikoresho.

Imiyoboro yo munsi yinyanja nibikorwa remezo

Imiyoboro yo mu mazi itwara peteroli, gaze, hamwe n’imiti biva mu mariba yo ku nyanja kugeza aho bitunganyirizwa cyangwa kubika. Iyi miyoboro yashyizwe hasi yinyanja, akenshi mubwimbitse, bigatuma iramba kandi ikarwanya umuvuduko wo hanze hamwe na ruswa.

Ibikoresho byo mu miyoboro ikoreshwa mu nyanja bigomba kuba:

Gusudira cyangwa guhimbwa hamwe ningaruka nke zo kumeneka

Yashizweho kugirango yishyure igitutu no kurwanya imikurire yinyanja

Bifite ibikoresho byo kurwanya ruswa cyangwa kurinda catodiki

Ibikoresho byihariye byo mu nyanja bikoreshwa muri:

Impanuka n'imirongo

Manifolds na jumper isuka

Ibice byo kurangiza

Ibyambu by'ingurube no kugenzura

Ibikoresho akenshi birimo super duplex idafite ibyuma, Inconel, cyangwa ibyuma bya karuboni byambaye kugirango bihangane nubukanishi ndetse n’imiti.

Ibitekerezo

Ruswa niyo nomero ya mbere ihangayikishijwe na marine na offshore. Kubwibyo, guhitamo ibikoresho kubikoresho byo mu miyoboro ni ngombwa:

Umuringa-Nickel (CuNi): Bikunze kugaragara mumazi yinyanja kubera kurwanya ruswa nziza no kurwanya ibinyabuzima.

Duplex na Super Duplex Ibyuma: Tanga imbaraga nyinshi hamwe no kurwanya ruswa, nibyiza kumuvuduko mwinshi hamwe na chloride ikungahaye.

Ibyuma bya Carbone hamwe na Coatings: Amahitamo yubukungu kubice-byangirika, akenshi bikingirwa na epoxy, cinc coatings, cyangwa sisitemu ya cathodic.

Titanium cyangwa Inconel: Byakoreshejwe mubihe bikabije aho ruswa, igitutu, hamwe nubushyuhe bukabije.

Ibipimo n'impamyabumenyi

Ibikoresho byo mu miyoboro y’inyanja n’inyanja bigomba kuba byujuje ubuziranenge bwa sosiyete hamwe n’amategeko mpuzamahanga, nka:

DNV (Det Norske Veritas)

ABS (Ibiro bishinzwe gutwara abantu muri Amerika)

Igitabo cya Lloyd

BV (Biro Veritas)

ISO 15590, ASME B16.9, API 5L, API 6A

Gukurikirana, ibyemezo byibizamini (MTCs), gupima igitutu, na NDT (ibizamini bidasenya) akenshi ni itegeko kubisabwa hanze.

Ibibazo n'ibitekerezo

Kubora amazi yumunyu: Guhora uhura n’amazi yo mu nyanja biganisha ku kwangirika kwicyuma.

Umwanya ntarengwa: Ibikoresho byo mu nyanja akenshi bisaba ibishushanyo mbonera kandi byihariye.

Kubona ibikoresho: Ibikoresho bigomba kuboneka kandi akenshi birimo guhuza flang kugirango byoroshye gusenywa.

Umuvuduko no kunyeganyega: Umuvuduko mwinshi hamwe nibikoresho byimuka bisaba kwinyeganyeza no kwinaniza umunaniro.

Ibizaza

Hamwe n’iterambere ryiyongera ku nyanja nko kureremba LNG (FLNG), imirima ya peteroli y’amazi maremare, hamwe n’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu (umuyaga wo mu nyanja n’umuyaga), icyifuzo cy’ibikoresho bikoresha imiyoboro ikomeje kwiyongera. Udushya turimo:

Ibikoresho byateguwe Kuri Moderi

Ibikoresho byubwenge hamwe na sensor zo gutahura no kugenzura igitutu

Gukomatanya imiyoboro gutanga ruswa irwanya no kugabanya ibiro

Mu buhanga bwo mu nyanja no mu nyanja, ibikoresho byo mu miyoboro ni ibintu by'ingenzi bituma imikorere ikorwa neza kandi ikora neza. Kuva mubwato bukonjesha hamwe na ballast kugeza gutwara peteroli yo mumazi no kuzimya umuriro kurubuga rwa interineti, ibi bikoresho bigomba gukora neza mugihe gikabije. Guhitamo ibikoresho, igishushanyo, nibipimo bigira uruhare runini muguhitamo imikorere yigihe kirekire. Mugihe tekinoroji yo mumahanga igenda itera imbere ikajya mumazi maremare hamwe n’ahantu hitaruye, uruhare rwibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, birwanya ruswa, hamwe n’ibikoresho byakozwe na tekinoroji bizagenda neza cyane.